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Gunfire ripped through residential neighborhoods of Sudan’s capital Khartoum at the start of the Muslim holiday of Eid al Fitr on Friday, after the army deployed on foot for the first time in its almost week-long fight with a paramilitary force.

Soldiers and gunmen from the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) shot at each other in neighborhoods across the city, including during the call for special early morning Eid prayers.

Gunfire crackled without pause all day, punctuated by the thud of artillery and air strikes. Drone footage showed multiple plumes of smoke across Khartoum and its Nile sister cities, together one of Africa’s biggest urban areas.

The fighting has killed hundreds, mainly in the capital and the west of Sudan, tipping the continent’s third largest country – where about a quarter of people already relied on food aid – into a humanitarian disaster.

An international push for a temporary truce to allow civilians to reach safety and visit family over the three day holiday has so far failed. With the airport caught in the fighting and the skies unsafe, nations including the United States, Japan, South Korea, Germany and Spain have been unable to evacuate embassy staff.

In Washington, the White House said no decision yet had been made to evacuate American diplomatic personnel but the U.S. is preparing for such an eventuality if it becomes necessary.

At least five aid workers have been killed, including three from the World Food Program, which has since suspended its Sudan operation – one of the largest food aid missions in the world.

A worker at the International Organization for Migration was killed in crossfire in the city of El Obeid on Friday.

Instead of a ceasefire, the army has pressed forward, fighting the RSF on the ground after having previously stuck largely to air strikes and artillery shelling across the capital since the power struggle erupted last weekend.

In a statement, the army said it had begun “the gradual cleaning of hotbeds of rebel groups around the capital”.

Khartoum resident Mohamed Saber Turaby, 27, had wanted to visit his parents 80 km (50 miles) from the city for Eid.

“Every time I try to leave the house, there are clashes, he said. “There was shelling last night and now there is presence of army forces on the ground.”

Army troops brandishing semi-automatic weapons were greeted by cheers on one street, a video released by the military on Friday showed. Reuters verified the location of the video, in the north of the city, but could verify when it was filmed.

Fighting extended down Medani Street, the main highway leading from Khartoum to Gezira state being used by those fleeing, as the RSF appeared to withdraw towards rural villages on the outskirts of Khartoum, eyewitnesses told Reuters.

The World Health Organization said at least 413 people have already been killed and thousands injured in the conflict, with hospitals under attack and up to 20,000 people fleeing into neighboring Chad.

Thousands of people braved the fighting to flee Khartoum on Friday, witnesses said, moving south to Al Gezira state, or north to River Nile state, with some seeking to go onward to Egypt.

“An increasing number of people are running out of food, water, and power, including in Khartoum,” the UN humanitarian office said in an update.

Sudan borders seven countries and sits between Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Africa’s volatile Sahel region. The hostilities risk fanning regional tensions.

The violence was triggered by disagreement over an internationally backed plan to form a new civilian government four years after the fall of autocrat Omar al-Bashir to mass protests, and two years after a military coup.

Both sides accuse the other of thwarting the transition.

DARFUR CASUALTIES

The fighting on Friday undermined efforts by U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres to win a truce, despite a flurry of calls to Burhan from U.S., Qatari, and Saudi foreign ministers, the Turkish president, and other world leaders on Thursday.

The RSF expressed willingness to allow a lull in the fighting, and condemned the military for what it said was new assaults.

Beyond the capital, the two sides are fighting in the western region of Darfur, where a partial peace deal was signed in 2020 in a long-running conflict that led to international war crimes charges against Bashir.

In El Fasher in North Darfur, a maternity hospital repurposed to treat casualties from fighting was overwhelmed and rapidly running out of supplies, said Cyrus Paye, coordinator for aid group MSF. All other hospitals in the city were closed.

Most of the 279 wounded patients the hospital received since Saturday were civilians hit by stray bullets, many of them children, and 44 have died, he said.

Another doctors’ group said at least 26 people were killed in El-Obeid city, west of Khartoum, on Thursday. Witnesses described widespread looting.

Burhan told Al Jazeera he would support a truce on condition it allowed citizens to move freely, which he said the RSF had prevented.

Copyright 2023 Thomson/Reuters